Used for habits, facts, routines, and general truths
Subject + verb (add -s/-es for he/she/it)
Subject + do/does + not + base verb
Do/Does + subject + base verb?
💡 Third person singular (he/she/it) adds -s or -es to the verb. Verbs ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o add -es. Verbs ending in consonant + y change to -ies.
Talking about someone's job
✓She works in a hospital.
✗She work in a hospital.
Third person singular (she) requires -s on the verb.
Expressing preferences
✓They don't like coffee.
✗They doesn't like coffee.
Use 'don't' with plural subjects (they, we, you) and 'doesn't' with singular (he, she, it).
Asking about abilities
✓Does he speak French?
✗Do he speaks French?
In questions, use 'does' with he/she/it and the base form of the verb (without -s).
Stating a fact
✓The sun rises in the east.
✗The sun rise in the east.
General facts use present simple. 'The sun' is third person singular, so add -s.