🔀

Conditionals

If clauses and conditional sentences

Zero Conditional

General truths and facts: If/When + present, present

First Conditional

Real/likely future results: If + present, will + base verb

Second Conditional

Unreal or unlikely present/future results: If + past, would + base

Provided That and As Long As

Conditional alternatives emphasizing conditions and requirements

Unless in Conditionals

Using 'unless' as a negative conditional meaning 'if not'

Third Conditional

Unreal past results: If + past perfect, would have + V3

Mixed Conditionals

Combining different time frames: past condition → present result or present condition → past result