Emphasis
Cleft sentences, inversion, and stress
Cleft Sentences
Emphasizing information: It was John who called. What I need is coffee.
Ellipsis (Omitting Words)
Leaving out words to avoid repetition: I can swim and she can too → I can swim and she can
Fronting for Emphasis
Moving elements to the front for emphasis: This I must see
Inversion for Emphasis
Reversing word order for effect: Never have I seen..., Not only did she...
Substitution (do so, one/ones)
Replacing words to avoid repetition: do so, one/ones, that/those