Links past actions to the present: life experience, recent events, unfinished time
Subject + have/has + past participle (V3)
Subject + have/has + not + past participle
Have/Has + subject + past participle?
💡 Use has for he/she/it. Never use past simple time markers like 'yesterday' with present perfect.
✓They have finished the report.
✗They finished the report now.
Present result now → present perfect.
✓She has lived here for ten years.
✗She lived here for ten years (still lives).
Unfinished time → present perfect with for/since.
✓Have you ever tried sushi?
✗Did you ever try sushi?
Life experience without time uses present perfect.
✓I've just sent the email.
✗I just send the email.
Recent event with result now → present perfect with just.