Clauses showing contrast: although, even though, despite, in spite of
Although/Even though + clause | Despite/In spite of + noun/-ing
Although she didn't study, she passed.
Did you go out even though it was raining?
💡 Although/Even though + subject + verb. Despite/In spite of + noun or -ing (no subject + verb).
✓Although he was tired, he kept working.
✗Although being tired, he kept working.
Although + subject + verb, not + -ing.
✓Despite being tired, he kept working.
✗Despite he was tired, he kept working.
Despite + noun/-ing, not + clause.
✓Even though it was expensive, I bought it.
✗Even it was expensive, I bought it.
'Even though' (not just 'even') introduces contrast.